Figures

1 The irreversible process of burning energy resources into heat and waste. (After Daly, 1993 and Rees, 1996)
2 The difference in size of the sun and her planets.
3 The position of the planets in relation to the sun.
4 The habitable zone around the sun where fluid water can exist.
5 The process of photosynthesis.
6 The capture of mitochondria in the eukaryote cell.
7 The evolution from the Plesiadapsis to the modern man (after Sarnat and Netsky, 1981).
8 World earliest cities evolved in river delta's (After Sjoberg, 1965).
9 The exponential world population growth.
10 The shift in the top ten world biggest cities in 65 years (1950 to 2015), from the developed to the developing countries.
11 Carrying capacity. The Netherlands depends on the ecological productivity of an area almost 15 times larger then the entire country. (After Rees, 1996).
12 Easter Island in the middle of nowhere.
13 Stone statue (2.5 Meter high) on Easter island (Pacific Ocean) (Grote Winkler Prins).
14 Rise and fall of reindeer population on St Matthew Island.
15 Geologist Marion King Hubbert born in 1903. Predicted correctly that oil from the lower 48 American states would peak around 1969 (Campbell, 1998).
16 The Hubbert curve for the oil production in the lower 48 states of the United States (Menard, 1971).
17 Annual oil discoveries in the lower 48 states in the United States. The upper curve: the total oil production, the lower curve: the production from giant fields (more than 1900 millions of barrels) (After Menard, 1971).
18 Depletion midpoint in years to the past and the future of oil production in areas in the world (After Laherrère, 1997).
19 World hydrocarbons production till the present. Prediction for production for hydrocarbons till 2150 (conventional and non-conventional oil) in relation to the world population.
20 World oil discoveries are declining rapidly, whereas production rises.
21 In the next century there will be a moment where the demand is more than the supply of oil (After Meier et al, 1998).
22 Exponential growth of energy use in the world from 1890 to 1990 in terawatts ( 1 terawatt is equal five billions barrels of oil per year) (After Holdren, 1990).
23

Sudden rise of reserves in 1988 and 1990. Political reserves?
24 Percentage of Estimates of Ultimate Recoverable oil.
25

Relation between oil (low and high effort) per foot drilled ( After Gever et al. 1991).
26 The OPEC (mainly Muslim) countries dominance in oil production in the beginning of next century (Duncan, 1997).
27 Non-OPEC countries are producing far more oil at the moment than the OPEC countries at a bottom price while having far lesser reserves than the OPEC countries ( After Global 2000 revisited).
28 Free mobility of capital ends fair competition (After Daly, 1993).
29 World traffic volume will grow exponentially. Measures in passenger-kilometres. (After Schafer and Victor, 1997).
30 Global temperature of the atmosphere since 1850 has risen half a degree Celsius, mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels. Computer models predict a rising of 1.5 - 2.5 degrees Celsius in 2025 ( After Jones, 1990).
31 Areas of tropical forests lost by deforestation (black). Forest still present indicated with dots.
32 Relation population growth and the use of nitrogen fertilizer. (After Smil, 1977).
33 Available cropland will decline in many parts of the world as a result of population growth and the degradation of fertile land (Homer-Dixon et al, 1993).
34 Outbreak of poising algae in coastal waters. Since 1970 more than doubled in 1990. (After Anderson, 1994).
35 Available water per person per year will shrink in the next 26 year for some countries dramatically (After Homer-Dixon et al, 1993).
36 The end the tower of Babel: the arrogance of power and overrating of human mankind (C.A.Teunissen, 1499-1553).